Third and Fourth Heart Sounds

Summation Gallop at 120BPM Lesson #678

patient thorax when auscultating by stethoscope

The patient was supine during auscultation.

Description

With high heart rates, in this case 120 BPM, the diastolic interval is shortened. Accordingly, S3 and S4 sounds begin to merge, producing a single loud heart sound.

The cardiac animation video presents an enlarged left ventricle with decreased left ventricular contractility and a minimally enlarged left atrium.

Phonocardiogram

Anatomy

Summation Gallop at 120BPM

The cardiac animation shows an enlarged left ventricle with decreased left ventricular contractility and a minimally enlarged left atrium.

Authors and Sources

Authors and Reviewers

Heart sounds by Dr. Jonathan Keroes, MD and David Lieberman, Developer, Virtual Cardiac Patient.
Lung sounds by Diane Wrigley, PA
Respiratory cases: William French
David Lieberman, Audio Engineering
Heart sounds mentorship by W. Proctor Harvey, MD
Special thanks for the medical mentorship of Dr. Raymond Murphy
Reviewed by Dr. Barbara Erickson, PhD, RN, CCRN.
Last Update: 11/10/2021

Sources

Heart and Lung Sounds Reference Library Diane S. Wrigley
Publisher: PESI
Impact Patient Care: Key Physical Assessment Strategies and the Underlying Pathophysiology
Diane S Wrigley & Rosale Lobo
Practical Clinical Skills: Lung Sounds
Essential Lung Sounds Diane S. Wrigley, PA-C
Published by MedEdu LLC
PESI Faculty - Diane S Wrigley
Case Profiles in Respiratory Care 3rd Ed, 2019
William A.French
Published by Delmar Cengage
Essential Lung Sounds by William A. French
Published by Cengage Learning, 2011
Understanding Lung Sounds Steven Lehrer, MD
Clinical Heart Disease W Proctor Harvey, MD
Clinical Heart Disease
Laennec Publishing; 1st edition (January 1, 2009)
Heart and Lung Sounds Reference Guide
PracticalClinicalSkills.com