Respiratory-Iii

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Medical Term	Description
abdominal thrusts	A maneuver for treating choking by using quick, forceful thrusts of fisted hands upward and inward toward the diaphragm. Commonly known as the Heimlich maneuver.
adenoidectomy	Surgical removal of the adenoids.
air sacs	Thin-walled spaces including the alveoli connected to one terminal bronchiole.
albuterol	A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat asthma.
alveolitis	An inflammation of the alveoli. Caused by inhalation of an allergen.
aminophylline	A bronchodilator. Used to treat asthma and COPD.
anthracosis	A chronic lung disease caused by inhaled coal dust. Occurs in coal miners but also in tobacco smokers.
anthrax	An acute infectious disease of hoofed animals and humans. Infection in humans often involves the skin , lungs or gastrointestinal tract.
apnea	A temporary cessation of spontaneous respiration.
bronchoconstriction	Narrowing of the lumen of the bronchi restricting airway into and out of the lungs.
bronchopulmonary	Pertaining to the bronchi and lungs.
bronchospasm	Excessive narrowing of the smooth muscles of the bronchi. Can be heard as a wheezing sound.
capnography	Continuous recording of the concentration of carbon dioxide in exhaled air.
carbon monoxide	A colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is very poisonous.
cheyne-stokes respiration	An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by apnea followed by increasingly deep, rapid breathing.
coarse crackle	An abnormal breath sound that is discontinuous, brief and popping.
consolidation	The state of the lung when alveoli are filled with fluid, as in pneumonia.
cough	A sudden, audible exhalation of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis. It serves to clear the airways or lungs of irritants or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials.
decongestant	A substance that reduces nasal congestion.
epiglottitis	Inflammation of the epiglottis.
exhalation	Breathing out.
glottis	The vocal apparatus of the larynx, situated in the middle section of the larynx.
hemopneumothorax	Collection both blood and air in the pleural cavity.
hiccup	A spasm of the diaphragm that causes a sudden inhalation followed by rapid closure of the glottis which produces a sound. Also called singultus.
hoarseness	An unnaturally rough quality of voice.
hyperventilation	Breathing faster or deeper than is metabolically necessary causing an excessive intake of oxygen and a reduction carbon dioxide level in arterial blood.
hypocapnia	Deficiency of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.
inhalation	Breathing in.
laryngomalacia	An abnormally underdeveloped or degenerated cartilage in the larynx.
laryngoplasty	Plastic repair of the larynx.
legionnaires disease	An acute bacterial infection of the lungs characterized by high fever, malaise, muscle aches, respiratory disorders and headache.
nares	An external opening in the nasal cavity. A nostril.
nasal cavity	The proximal portion of the respiratory passages on either side of the nasal septum. On inhalation the air is warmed, moistened, smelled and filtered.
nasal decongestants	Drugs designed to treat inflammation of the nasal passages.
nasal lavage	Irrigation of the nose with saline or irrigation solutions to remove irritants, allergens or microorganisms from the nose.
nasal septum	The partition separating the two nasal cavities in the midplane.
nasopharynx	The top portion of the pharynx situated posterior to the nose and superior to the soft palate.
orthopnea	Dyspnea when lying flat.
phonation	To vocalize.
pneo-	air, breath, breathing
pneumocyte	Any of the epithelial cells lining the alveoli of the lung.
pneumonitis	Inflammation of lung tissue.
pneumoperitoneum	Presence of air or gas in the peritoneal cavity.
pulmonary infarction	necrosis of lung tissue that is cause by the lack of oxygen or blood supply. The most common cause of pulmonary infarction is a blood clot in the lung.
rhinomanometry	Technique for measuring airflow and pressure in the nasal cavity during respiration.
rhinosporidiosis	Chronic, localized fungal infection of mucocutaneous tissues, especially the nose.
rhonchi	A coarse rattling breath sound somewhat similar to snoring.
sialomucins	A subcategory of mucins that contain sialic acid.
siderosis	A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of iron in mining dust or welding fumes.
silicosis	A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from prolonged inhalation of silica dust.
stridor	A very loud, wheezing breath sound heard when the trachea or larynx is obstructed.
vital capacity	The volume of air that is exhaled by a maximal expiration following a maximal inspiration.
wheeze	Adventitious lung sounds that are continuous with a musical quality. They can be high or low pitched.
yawning	An involuntary deep inhalation with the mouth open, often accompanied by the act of stretching.

Authors and Reviewers

Authored by Dr. Barbara A. Erickson
Medically reviewed by Dr. Jonathan Keroes, MD
Last Update: 12/18/2022