This is a simulation of Aortic Stenosis - Moderate and Regurgitation - Mild taken at the second right intercostal space. S1 is normal. S2A is single and accentuated. An aortic ejection click is heard. A diamond-shaped systolic murmur is present. A mild, high-pitched, blowing, decrescendo diastolic murmur is present. The EKG shows an increased R-wave amplitude, which is evidence of LVH.
Look at the cardiac animation. It shows left ventricular hypertrophy and a thickened, mobile aortic valve. Note the Doppler-plumes, which represent systolic turbulent flow across a stenotic aortic valve and diastolic regurgitant turbulent flow into the left ventricle.
Aortic Stenosis - Mod Regur. Mild Audio
Technique
The patient's position should be seated.
Auscultation Tips for Aortic Stenosis - Mod Regur. Mild
Systole:Click followed by Crescendo-decrescendo murmurS2:Increased intensity
Diastole:high-pitched, musical decrescendo murmur
Sound Wave
Aortic Stenosis - Mod Regur. Mild Video
Authors and Sources
Authors and Reviewers
- EKG heart rhythm modules: Thomas O'Brien.
- EKG monitor simulation developer: Steve Collmann
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12 Lead Course: Dr. Michael Mazzini, MD.
- Spanish language EKG: Breena R. Taira, MD, MPH
- Medical review: Dr. Jonathan Keroes, MD
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Heart sounds and mentorship: W. Proctor Harvey, MD
- Medical review: Dr. Pedro Azevedo, MD, Cardiology
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Last Update: 1/8/2023
Sources
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Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals, 5th Edition
Kathryn Booth and Thomas O'Brien
ISBN10: 1260064778, ISBN13: 9781260064773
McGraw Hill, 2019 -
Rapid Interpretation of EKG's, Sixth Edition
Dale Dublin
Cover Publishing Company -
12 Lead EKG for Nurses: Simple Steps to Interpret Rhythms, Arrhythmias, Blocks, Hypertrophy, Infarcts, & Cardiac Drugs
Aaron Reed
Create Space Independent Publishing -
Heart Sounds and Murmurs: A Practical Guide with Audio CD-ROM 3rd Edition
Elsevier-Health Sciences Division
Barbara A. Erickson, PhD, RN, CCRN - Clinical Heart Disease
W Proctor Harvey, MD
Clinical Heart Disease
Laennec Publishing; 1st edition (January 1, 2009) -
The Virtual Cardiac Patient: A Multimedia Guide to Heart Sounds, Murmurs, EKG
Jonathan Keroes, David Lieberman
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkin)
ISBN-10: 0781784425; ISBN-13: 978-0781784429 - Project Semilla, UCLA Emergency Medicine, EKG Training Breena R. Taira, MD, MPH
Aortic Stenosis - Mod Regur. Mild | #6
