Termsandconditions
Number of termsandconditions flashcards: 109
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Start Flashcard Study Return to Medical Terminology homepage| Medical Term | Description |
| -masesis | chewing, mastication |
| -ose | a carbohydrate |
| -posia | drinking, fluid intake |
| -prandial | meal |
| -tresia | perforation, opening |
| -trophic | food, nutrition |
| AAD | antibiotic associated diarrhea |
| abd | abdominal/abdomen |
| alimentary canal | The passage for the digestion and absorption of food. Extends from mouth to anus. |
| amyl- | starch |
| anastomosis | A surgical connection between two structures. |
| antidiarrheal | A drug or food for treating diarrhea. |
| ascites | Abnormal accumulation of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity. |
| ascorbic acid | A water soluble compound. As vitamin C, it naturally occurs in citrus fruits and many vegetables. |
| aspartame | Artificial sweeter, metabolized as phenylalanine and aspartic acid. |
| bariatric surgery | Surgical procedures aimed at producing major weight reduction in patients with morbid obesity. |
| biliary | Pertaining to bile, the gall bladder or bile ducts. |
| bilirubin | The orange-yellow pigment of bile. |
| biotin | A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. |
| BM | bowel movement |
| BMI | body mass index |
| bolus | A soft mass of chewed food ready to be swallowed. |
| borborygmus | Belching. |
| botulism | A rare, but potentially fatal form of food poisoning caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| cachexia | General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease. |
| CAH | chronic active hepatitis |
| Cal | large calorie |
| cardia | That part of the stomach close to the opening from esophagus into the stomach. The cardia is so named because of its closeness to the heart. |
| cec/o | cecum, first section of colon |
| cholangi/o | bile vessel |
| choledoch/o | common bile duct |
| cirrh/o | orange-yellow |
| corpulence | Obesity. |
| CUC | chronic ulcerative colitis |
| D&V | diarrhea & vomiting |
| dietetic | Pertaining to food and nutrition. |
| diverticulosis | The presence of multiple pouches, usually in the colonic or gastric wall. |
| DRE | digital rectal examination |
| duoden/o | duodenum |
| duodenitis | Inflammation of the duodenum section of the small intestine. |
| duodenum | The proximal (first) portion of the small intestine, extending from the pylorus to the jejunum. |
| dysentery | Acute inflammation of the intestine marked by frequent watery stools, often with blood and by pain, fever, and dehydration. |
| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| EGF | epidermal growth factor |
| electrolyte | A substances that dissociates into two or more ions and can then conduct an electric current. |
| elimination | Removal of waste products from the body. |
| enteritis | Inflammation of any segment of the small intestine. |
| epiglott/o | epiglottis (cartilage that prevents food from entering the trachea) |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| eructation | To belch. |
| eustachian tube | A narrow canal extending from the middle ear to the pharynx. |
| flatulence | Production of gas in the gastrointestinal tract which may be expelled through the anus. |
| gastroenterology | A subspecialty of medicine concerned with diseases of the digestive system and related structures including the esophagus, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. |
| gavage | Forced feeding a patient especially through a tube passed into the stomach |
| GB | gallbladder |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| glycemic index | A numerical system of measuring the rate of blood glucose generation from a particular food item. |
| HAV | hepatitis A virus |
| HBV | hepatitis B virus |
| HCV | hepatitis C virus |
| HDV | hepatitis D |
| helc/o | ulcer |
| hematemesis | Vomiting blood. |
| hepatomegaly | Having an enlarged liver. |
| hyperemesis gravidarum | Severe, intractable vomiting during early pregnancy. Often needs IV fluids and anti nausea agents. |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| IBW | ideal body weight |
| jejun/o | jejunum (second part of the small intestines) |
| labial mucosa | The inner lining of the lips. |
| lactic acid | A organic acid produced by anaerobic respiration, by fermentation of carbohydrates in the rumen and by bacterial action on milk. |
| lactose | The main sugar of milk consisting of one molecule each of glucose and galactose. |
| LFT | liver function test |
| LGI | lower gastrointestinal |
| mastication | The process of chewing and grinding food in the mouth. |
| melena | The black, tarry, foul-smelling feces that contain degraded blood. |
| meli- | honey, sugar |
| mesentery | A double layer of peritoneum that encloses the intestines and attaches them to the posterior abdominal wall. |
| N&V | nausea and vomiting |
| NG | nasogastric |
| nutri/o | to nourish |
| odont/o | tooth |
| oral hygiene | The practice of personal hygiene of the mouth. It includes the maintenance of oral cleanliness, tissue tone, and general preservation of oral health. |
| PEG | percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy |
| peritone/o | peritoneum (serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity) |
| prebiotics | Indigestible food ingredients that promote overall health by supporting the activity of probiotic bacteria in the large intestine. |
| ptyal/o | saliva |
| PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
| RDA | recommended daily/dietary allowance |
| salivary ducts | Any of the ducts which transport saliva. |
| salmonella | A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria. It causes food poisoning, enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia. |
| SB | small bowel |
| SBO | small bowel obstruction |
| scurvy | An acquired blood vessel disorder caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C, characterized by spongy, bleeding gums, bleeding under the skin, and extreme weakness. |
| sialaden/o | salivary gland |
| sigmoid | The distal part of the colon from the level of the iliac crest to the rectum. |
| sigmold/o | sigmoid colon |
| sito- | bread, food |
| stoma- | mouth |
| stomach ulcer | Ulceration of the gastric mucosa due to contact with gastric juice. |
| sucrose | Cane or beet sugar. |
| TPN | total parenteral nutrition |
| typhoid fever | An acute bacterial infection transmitted by contaminated water, milk or other foods, especially shellfish. |
| uran/o | hard palate |
| weaning | The replacement of mother's milk in the diet of a young child with other food. |
| whey | The liquid components of milk that remain after the casein, fat, and fat soluble components have been removed. |
| zymo- | fermentation |
Authors and Reviewers
Authored by Dr. Barbara A. EricksonMedically reviewed by Dr. Jonathan Keroes, MD
Last Update: 12/18/2022
