The clip shown illustrates:
The correct answer is C, an out-of-plane short axis approach. It shows the “vanishing target” sign – the needle is out of the plane of the ultrasound and perpendicular or in a short axis relative to the vessel.
The clip shown illustrates:
The correct answer is A, an in-plane short axis approach. It shows a needle in the plane of the ultrasound, but short axis to the nerve, with anesthetic being deposited outside the nerve.
The most frequent “ideal entry point” for an ultrasound guided pericardiocentesis in the Mayo Clinic series was:
The correct answer is C. In the Mayo series, the shortest distance between skin and pericardial fluid was para-apical in 173/211 pericardiocentesis (82% of cases).